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SECTION 2C

FRONT SUSPENSION

SPECIFICATIONS

General Specifications

Application
Trim Height
Center of Front Wheel to Bottom of Front Wheel Well
344 mm (13.5 in.)
Center of Rear Wheel to Bottom of Rear Wheel Well
343 mm (13.5 in.)

Fastener Tightening Specifications

Application
N•m
Lb-Ft
Lb-In
Ball Joint-to-Control Arm Nuts
150
111
1328
Ball Joint-to-Knuckle/Strut Nut
55
41
487
Control Arm Front Mounting Bolts
110
81
972
Drive Axle-to-Hub Caulking Nut
300
221
2655
Piston Rod Nut
60
44
531
Stabilizer Shaft-to-Iink nut
50
37
-
Strut Assembly-to-Body Nuts
60
44
531
Strut Cartridge Closure Nut
200
148
1776
Impact Pipe-to-Front Crossmember/Radiator Lower Support Bolts
100
74
885
Crossmember Support Bracket-to-Crossmember Bolts
50
37
443

SPECIAL TOOLS

Special Tools Table


CH-46560-01
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CH-46560-01
Bridge

CH-46560-04
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CH-46560-04
Threaded Rod

CH-46560-05
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CH-46560-05
Nut

CH-46560-06
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CH-46560-06
Bearing

DT-47540
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DT-47540
Wheel Hub Spacer

DT-47541
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DT-47541
Wheel Bearing Spacer

DT-47542
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DT-47542
Wheel Bearing Spacer

DT-47543
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DT-47543
Wheel Bearing Spacer

KM158
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KM-158
Remover/Installer

KM307B
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KM-307-B
Removal Plate

KM329A
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KM-329-A
Spring Compressor

J42468
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J-42468
Front Strut Mount Nut Wrench

KM465A
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KM-465-A
Front Spring Compressor

KM507B
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KM-507-B
Ball Joint Remover

KM508A
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KM-508-A
Remover/Installer

CH48358_1
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CH48358_1
Front Control Arm Rear Bushing Remover

CH48358_2
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CH48358_2
Front Control Arm Rear Bushing Remover

CH48358_3
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CH48358_3
Front Control Arm Rear Bushing Installer

CH48358_4
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CH48358_4
Front Control Arm Rear Bushing Installer

DIAGNOSIS

Strut Dampener

A strut dampener is basically a shock absorber. However, strut dampeners are easier to extend and retract by hand than are shock absorbers. Strut dampeners are used only on the front in most vehicles, including this vehicle. Shock absorbers are used on the rear wheels.

Struts Seem Weak

Checks
Action
Check the tire pressures.
Adjust the tire pressures to the specifications on the tire placard.
Check the load conditions under which the vehicle is normally driven.
Consult with the owner to confirm the owner’s understanding of normal load conditions.
Check the compression and rebound effectiveness of the strut dampener.
Quickly push down and then lift up on the corner of the bumper nearest the strut dampener being tested.
Compare the compression and rebound with those of a similar vehicle that has an acceptable ride quality.
Replace the strut dampener, if needed.

Struts Are Noisy

Checks
Action
Check the mountings for looseness or damage.
Tighten the strut dampener. Replace the strut dampener, if needed.
Check the compression and rebound effectiveness of the strut dampener.
Quickly push down and then lift up on the corner of the bumper nearest the strut dampener being tested.
Compare the compression and rebound with those of a similar vehicle that has an acceptable ride quality.
Replace the strut dampener, if needed.

Leaks

Checks
Action
Check for a slight trace of fluid.
The strut dampener is OK.
Check the seal cover on the fully extended strut.
Replace the strut dampener.
Check for an excessive amount of fluid on the strut dampener.
Replace the strut dampener.

Ball Joint and Knuckle

Ball Joint Inspection

  1. Raise the front of the vehicle to allow the front suspension to hang free.
  2. Grasp the tire at the top and the bottom.
  3. Move the top of the tire in an in-and-out motion.
  4. Look for any horizontal movement of the knuckle relative to the control arm.
  5. Ball joints must be replaced under the following conditions:

Ball Stud Inspection

Make sure to check the tightness of the ball stud in the knuckle boss during each inspection of the ball joint. One way to inspect the ball stud for wear is to shake the wheel and feel for movement of the stud end or the castellated nut at the knuckle boss.
Another way to inspect the ball stud for wear is to check the fastener torque at the castellated nut. A loose nut can indicate a stressed stud or a hole in the knuckle boss.
Worn or damaged ball joints and knuckles must be replaced.

Excessive Friction Check

Use the following procedure to check for excessive friction in the front suspension:
  1. Enlist the help of another technician to lift up on the front bumper, raising the vehicle as high as possible.
  2. Slowly release the bumper, allowing the vehicle to assume its normal trim height. See "General Specifications" in this section.
  3. Measure the distance from the street level to the center of the bumper.
  4. Push down on the bumper, release slowly, and allow the vehicle to assume its normal trim height.
  5. Measure the distance from the street level to the center of the bumper.
  6. The difference between the two measurements should be less than 12.7 mm (0.5 inch). If the difference exceeds this limit, inspect the control arms, the struts, and the ball joints for damage or wear.

COMPONENT LOCATOR

Front Suspension


T9B12C01
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  1. Stabilizer bar
  2. Stabilizer link nut
  3. Stabilizer link
  4. Crossmember
  5. Crossmember nut (front direction)
  6. Control arm connecting bolt
  7. Stabilizer bar nut
  8. Control arm
  9. Ball joint
  10. Piston rod nut
  11. Washer
  12. Strut upper nut
  13. Strut mount
  14. Bearing
  15. Spring upper seat
  16. Spring upper insulator
  17. Hallow bumper
  18. Coil spring
  19. Thrust
  20. Thrust bracket bolt
  21. Steering knuckle
  22. Cover seat
  23. Wheel bearing
  24. Retaining ring
  25. Wheel hub
  26. Brake disc
  27. Washer
  28. Caulking nut
  29. Impact Pipe
  30. Crossmember Support Bracket

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

ON-VEHICLE SERVICE



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Stabilizer Shaft Link

Removal Procedure

  1. Lift and suitably support the vehicle, allowing the front suspension to hang free.
  2. Remove the front wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  3. Remove the stabilizer shaft-to-knuckle nut and the shaft-to-link nut.


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  5. Disconnect the stabilizer shaft from the knuckle by removing the stabilizer shaft link assembly.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the stabilizer shaft into the vehicle.
  2. Install the stabilizer shaft-to-knuckle nut and the shaft-to-link nut.
  3. Tighten
    Tighten the stabilizer shaft link nuts to 50 N•m (37 lb-ft).



    T3B12C03
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Strut Assembly

Removal Procedure

  1. Remove the cap covering from the strut assembly-to-body nut.
  2. Loosen the strut assembly -to-body nut that attach the top of the strut assembly to the vehicle.


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  4. Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
  5. Support the front lower control arm with a jack stand near the ball joint in order to avoid overextending the CV joints and the brake hose.
  6. Remove the wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  7. Remove the speed sensor wire from the strut bracket, if equipped.
  8. Remove the nuts and bolts from the strut.
  9. Remove the stabilizer shaft link upper nut.
  10. Remove the stabilizer shaft upper stud from the strut bracket.
  11. Remove the strut assembly-to-body nuts.
  12. Remove the strut assembly from the vehicle.


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Installation Procedure

    Notice : Chipping or scratching the spring coating when handling the front suspension coil spring can cause the spring to fail.

  1. Install the strut assembly into the vehicle with the strut assembly-to-body nuts.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the strut assembly-to-body nut to 60 N•m (44 lb-ft).

  3. Install the strut nut cap.


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  5. Install the nuts and bolts to the strut.
  6. Tighten
    Tighten the knuckle-to-strut nuts and bolts to 100 N•m (74 lb-ft).

  7. Install the stabilizer shaft upper stud to the strut bracket.
  8. Install the stabilizer shaft link upper nut.
  9. Tighten
    Tighten the stabilizer shaft link upper nut to 50 N•m (37 lb-ft).

  10. Install the brake hose to the strut bracket.
  11. Install the ABS speed sensor wire to the strut bracket, if equipped.
  12. Remove the jack stands and lower the vehicle.


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Control Arm

Tools Required

KM-507-B Ball Joint Remover

Removal Procedure

  1. Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
  2. Place the jackstands under the frame of the vehicle.
  3. Lower the vehicle slightly so the weight of the vehicle rests on the jackstands and not on the control arms.
  4. Remove the wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  5. Disconnect the stabilizer shaft from the control arm by removing the control armlink bolt assembly.Refer to "Stabilizer Shaft and Insulators" in this section.
  6. Remove the retaining clip and the ball joint-to-knuckle/strut nut from the ball joint.
  7. Disconnect the ball joint from the steering knuckle using the ball joint remover KM-507-B.


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  9. Remove the control arm front mounting bolt.
  10. Remove the control arm rear mounting bolts and the bracket.
  11. Remove the control arm from the vehicle.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the control arm onto the vehicle.
  2. Connect the front of the control arm to the body of the vehicle with the front mounting bolt and the washer.
  3. Apply a thread sealer to the control arm rear mounting bolts.
  4. Connect the rear of the control arm to the body of the vehicle with the rear mounting bracket and bolts.
  5. Important : Do not tighten the control arm bolts at this point.

    Notice : Use a new self-locking nut to install the control arm link bolt assembly. Failure to do so will allow the normal vibration of the vehicle to loosen the nut and damage the vehicle.

  6. Install the stabilizer shaft link bolt assembly. Refer to "Stabilizer Shaft and Insulators" in this section.
  7. Connect the ball joint to the steering knuckle.
  8. Tighten the ball joint-to-knuckle/strut nut.
  9. Tighten
    Tighten the ball joint-to-knuckle/strut nut to 55 N•m (41 lb-ft).

  10. Connect the retaining clip to the ball joint stud.
  11. Install the wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  12. Raise the vehicle.
  13. Place the jackstands under the control arms.
  14. Lower the vehicle.


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    Important : The control arms must support the weight of the vehicle while the control arm mounting bolts are being tightened.

  16. Tighten the control arm rear mounting bolts.
  17. Tighten
    Tighten the control arm rear mounting bolts to 110 N•m (81lb-ft).

  18. Tighten the control arm front mounting bolt.
  19. Tighten
    Tighten the control arm front mounting bolt to 110 N•m (81 lb-ft).

  20. Raise the vehicle.
  21. Remove the jackstands.
  22. Lower the vehicle.


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Steering Knuckle

Removal Procedure

  1. Remove the front wheels.Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  2. Remove the caulking nut.
  3. Remove the tie rod end from the knuckle.
  4. Remove the control arm ball joint.
  5. Remove the brake caliper.
  6. Remove the brake disk.Refer to Section 4E, Front Disk Brakes.


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  8. Remove the ABS wheel speed sensor, if equipped Refer to Section 4F, ABS.
  9. Remove the backing plate.
  10. Remove the front strut bolts.
  11. Remove the knuckle assembly.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the knuckle assembly to the front strut with bolt and nuts.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the knuckle assembly to the front strut with bolt and nuts to 100 N•m (74lb-ft).

  3. Install the backing plate with the screws.
  4. Tighten
    Tighten the backing plate with the screws to 4 N•m (3lb-ft).



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  5. Install the ABS wheel speed sensor.
  6. Install the brake disk and caliper.Refer to Section 4D, Front Disk Brakes.
  7. Install the control arm ball joint.Refer to this Section, Unit Repair
  8. Install the tie rod end to the knuckle. Refer to this Section.


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Crossmember Assembly

Removal Procedure

  1. Remove the front wheels.
  2. Remove the control arm ball joint and stabilizer shaft link nut (lower). Refer to this Section.
  3. Remove the tie rod end ball joint. Refer to this Section.
  4. Remove the engine mounting reaction rod bolts.


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  6. Drain the power steering fluid.
  7. Remove the power steering pipe fittings.
  8. Remove the interm shaft lower joint.
  9. Caution : When the engine is hot, do not remove the above parts from the vehicle otherwise, personal injury can be caused by hot components of the vehicle.



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  10. Remove the crossmember assembly.
  11. Caution : To avoid personal injury or vehicle damage, the crossmember should be supported by jackstand prior to the removal.



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  12. Remove the stabilizer bar, power steering gear set and control arm from the crossmember.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the stabilizer bar, power steering gearset and control arm from the crossmember.
  2. Install the crossmember assembly front to body nut and the crossmember assembly rear to body bolt.
  3. Tighten
    Tighten the crossmember assembly front to body nut and rear to body bolt to 150 N•m (111 lb-ft).



    T3B12C39
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  4. Connect the interm shaft lower joint and power steering pipe fittings.
  5. Tighten
    Tighten the power steering pipe fittings to 22 N•m (16 lb-ft).

  6. Fill the fluid reservoir with the power steering fluid.
  7. Inspect for leaks. If there are leaks, correct the cause of the leaks and bleed the system. Refer to Section 6A, Bleeding the Power Steering System.


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  9. Install the engine mounting reaction rod bolts.
  10. Tighten
    Tighten the engine mounting reaction rod bolts to 60 N•m (44 lb-ft).



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  11. Install the tie rod end ball joint nut.
  12. Tighten
    Tighten the tie rod end ball joint nut to 45 N•m (33 lb-ft).

  13. Install the control arm ball joint and stabilizer shaft link nut (lower). Refer to this Section.


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Stabilizer Bar

Removal Procedure

  1. Remove the crossmember assembly. Refer to this Section
  2. Remove the stabilizer bar from the crossmember assembly by unscrewing the u-clamp bolts.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the u-clamp bolts to the stabilizer bar.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the u-clamp bolts to the stabilizer bar to 25 N•m (18 lb-ft).

  3. Install the crossmember assembly. Refer to this Section


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Impact Pipe

Removal Procedure

  1. Remove the bolts from the impact pipes.
  2. Remove the impact pipes.

Installation Procedure

  1. Install the impact pipes by tightening the bolts.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the impact pipes securing bolts to 100 N•m (74 lb-ft).



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Crossmember Support Bracket

Removal Procedure

  1. Support the crossmember with jack stand.
  2. Remove the bolts from the crossmember support bracket.
  3. Remove the crossmember support bracket.

Installation Procedure

  1. Install the crossmember support bracket by tightening the bolts.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the crossmember support bracket securing bolts to 50 N•m (37 lb-ft).

  3. Remove the jack stand.

UNIT REPAIR



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Wheel Hub and Wheel Bearing

Tools Required

CH-46560-01 Bridge
CH-46560-04 Threaded Rod
CH-46560-05 Nut
CH-46560-06 Bearing
DT-47540 Wheel Hub Spacer
DT-47541 Wheel Bearing Spacer
DT-47542 Wheel Bearing Spacer
DT-47543 Wheel Bearing Spacer

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
  2. Remove the steering knuckle from the vehicle. Refer to this section.


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  4. Insert the threaded rod CH-46560-04 through the bearing CH-46560-06, bridge CH-46560-01 and knuckle assembly.
  5. Place the Wheel Hub Spacer DT-47540 and nut CH-46560-05 on the rod CH-46560-04.


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  7. Hand-tighten the nuts and remove the wheel hub from the knuckle.
  8. Remove all the special tools from the knuckle.


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  10. Remove the retaining ring.


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  12. Insert the threaded rod CH-46560-04 through the bearing CH-46560-06, bridge CH-46560-01 and knuckle assembly.
  13. Place the Wheel Hub Spacer DT-47541 and nut CH-46560-05 on the rod CH-46560-04.


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  15. Hand-tighten the nuts and remove the wheel bearing from the knuckle.
  16. Remove all the special tools from the knuckle.


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Assembly Procedure

  1. Insert the threaded rod CH-46560-04 through the bearing CH-46560-06, Wheel Hub Spacer DT-47543, wheel bearing and knuckle.
  2. Place the Wheel Hub Spacer DT-47542 and nut CH-46560-05 on the rod CH-46560-04.


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  4. Hand-tighten the nuts and install the wheel bearing in the knuckle.
  5. Remove all the special tools from the knuckle.
  6. Install the retaining ring.


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  8. Insert the threaded rod CH-46560-04 through the bearing CH-46560-06, Wheel Hub Spacer DT-47540, wheel hub and knuckle.
  9. Place the Wheel Hub Spacer DT-47542 and nut CH-46560-05 on the rod CH-46560-04.
  10. Hand-tighten the nuts and install the wheel hub.
  11. Remove all the special tools from the knuckle assembly.


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Control Arm Bushings

Tools Required

KM-508-A Remover/Installer
KM-158 Remover/Installer
KM-307-B Removal Plate

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Remove the control arm. Refer to "Control Arm" in this section.
  2. Press off the rear bushing using a press, the remover/installer KM-158, and the removal plate KM-307-B.


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  4. Press out the front bushing using the remover/installer KM-508-A, and the remover/installer KM-158.


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Assembly Procedure

  1. Coat the control arm rear shaft with a multipurpose lubricant. Refer to Section 0B, General Information.
  2. Press the rear bushing onto the shaft. The flat of the bushing must be on the top side, the same as the ball joint. Use the remover/installer KM-508-A to support the control arm.


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  4. Coat the outside of the front bushing and the inside of the lower control arm with a multipurpose lubricant. Refer to Section 0B, General Information.
  5. Press the new bushing into the control arm from the back to the front, using the remover/installer KM-508-A.
  6. Center the bushing.
  7. Install the control arm. Refer to "Control Arm" in this section.


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Front Strut Assembly

Tools Required

KM-329-A Spring Compressor or equivalent
J-42468 Front Strut Mount Nut Wrench

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Remove the strut assembly. Refer to "Strut Assembly" in this section.
  2. Fasten the strut assembly to the spring compressor KM-329-A. Make sure the hooks are seated on the strut spring properly.
  3. Compress the front spring with the front spring compressor KM-329-A.


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  5. Use an open end wrench to hold the threaded piston rod while removing the piston rod nut with J-42468 front strut mount nut wrench.


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  7. Remove the strut mount, strut bearing, spring upper seat, spring upper insulator, hallow bumper, coil spring and strut step by step.
  8. Important : Record the position of the front spring seat relative to the strut assembly-to-knuckle bracket. Place the front spring locator back in the same position during assembly.



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Assembly Procedure

  1. Install the lower spring insulator and the spring.
  2. Compress the spring using the spring compressor KM-329-A.
  3. Install the strut mount, strut bearing spring upper seat, spring upper insulator, hallow bumper, coil spring and strut step by step.


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  5. Use an open end wrench to hold the threaded piston rod while installing the piston rod nut with J-42468 front strut mount nut wrench.
  6. Tighten
    Tighten the piston rod nut to 60 N•m (44 lb-ft).

    Important : Locate the coil spring to the original position on the coil spring seat. Check the installation condition of the coil spring.



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Front Control Arm Bushing (Rear)

Tools Required

CH48358_1 Front Control Arm Bushing Remover
CH48358_2 Front Control Arm Bushing Remover
CH48358_3 Front Control Arm Bushing Installer
CH48358_4 Front Control Arm Bushing Installer

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Place the control arm assembly on the remover CH48358_2.


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  3. Place the remover CH48358_1 on the control arm assembly.
  4. Remove the bushing by pressing the remover CH48358_1 using a press.
  5. Remove any dirt or burrs from the surface of control arm bushing hole.


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Assembly Procedure

  1. Place the control arm on the installer CH48358_4.


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  3. Place a new bushing and the installer CH48358_3 on the control arm.
  4. Install the bushing by pressing the installer CH48358_3 using a press.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM OPERATION

Front Suspension

The front suspension for this vehicle is a combination knuckle/strut and spring design.
The control arms pivot from the body. The lower control arm pivots use rubber bushings. The upper end of the strut is isolated by a rubber mount and contains a bearing to allow the wheel to turn.
The lower end of the steering knuckle pivots on a ball joint bolted to the control arm. The ball joint is fastened to the steering knuckle with a nut, and to the lower control arm with rivets.
When servicing the control arm-to-body attachment and the stabilizer shaft-to-body insulators, make sure the attaching bolts are loose until the control arms are moved to the trim height, which is curb height. Trim height is the normal position to which the control arms move when the vehicle is sitting on the ground. Refer to "General Specifications" in this section.


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