SECTION 2E
TIRES AND WHEELS
SPECIFICATIONS
Tire Size and Pressure Specifications
Inflation Pressure at Full Load
Tire
|
Wheel
|
Front
|
Rear
|
.
|
.
|
kPa
|
psi
|
kPa
|
psi
|
|
155/80R13
|
13 x 5.0J (Steel)
|
207
|
30
|
207
|
30
|
|
185/60R14
|
14 x 5.5J (Alloy/Steel)
|
↑
|
↑
|
↑
|
↑
|
|
185/55R15
|
15 x 6.0J (Alloy/Steel)
|
↑
|
↑
|
↑
|
↑
|
Inflation Pressure Conversion Pecifications
|
kPa
|
kPa
|
kPa
|
psi
|
kPa
|
psi
|
|
140
|
20
|
185
|
27
|
235
|
34
|
|
145
|
21
|
190
|
28
|
240
|
35
|
|
155
|
22
|
200
|
29
|
250
|
36
|
|
160
|
23
|
205
|
30
|
275
|
40
|
|
165
|
24
|
215
|
31
|
310
|
45
|
|
170
|
25
|
220
|
32
|
345
|
50
|
|
180
|
26
|
230
|
33
|
380
|
55
|
Fastener Tightening Specifications
|
Application
|
N•m
|
Lb-Ft
|
Lb-In
|
|
Wheel Nut (Aluminum Wheel)
|
140
|
103
|
-
|
|
Wheel Nut (Steel Wheel)
|
140
|
103
|
-
|
DIAGNOSIS
Wheel Runout
Measure wheel runout with an accurate dial indicator.
Measurements may be taken with the wheels either on
or off the vehicle, using an accurate mounting surface
such as a wheel balancer. Measurements may be taken
with or without the tire mounted on the wheel.
Measure radial runout and lateral runout on both the inboard
and the outboard rim flanges. With the dial indicator
firmly seated next to the wheel and tire assembly,
slowly rotate the wheel one revolution and record the indicator
reading. If any measurement exceeds the following
specifications and there is a vibration that wheel
balancing will not correct, replace the wheel. Disregard
any indicator readings due to welds, paint runs, or
scratches.
Steel Wheels
- Radial runout: 0.8 mm (0.03 inch)
- Lateral runout: 1.0 mm (0.04 inch)
Aluminum Wheels
- Radial runout: 0.8 mm (0.03 inch)
- Lateral runout: 0.8 mm (0.03 inch)
Measure free radial runout on the center of the tire tread.
The tread can be taped to present a smooth surface.
Measure free lateral runout on the outboard side of the
tire nearest to the tread.
Steel and Aluminum Wheels
- Free radial runout: 1.5 mm (0.06 inch)
- Free lateral runout: 1.5 mm (0.06 inch)
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
ON-VEHICLE SERVICE
Wheel
Removal Procedure
- Loosen the wheel nuts.
- Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
- Remove the wheel nuts.
Notice : Never use heat to loosen a tight wheel. It can
shorten the life of the wheel, the wheel nuts and the
wheel bearings. Excessive force, such as hammering
the wheel or tire, can also cause damage and is not recommended.
Slight tapping of the wheel sidewall with
one's hand or with a rubber mallet is acceptable.
- Remove the wheel.
Difficulty in removing the wheels from the vehicle can be
due to foreign material or to a tight fit between the wheel
centerhole and the hub or the rotor. These wheels can
be removed by
- Retightening the wheel nuts on the affected wheel
and then loosening the wheel nuts by two turns.
- Lowering the vehicle and rocking it from side to side
as hard as possible, using one or more person’s body
weight to loosen the wheel.
- Raising the vehicle and removing the wheel.
Caution :
Do not allow the penetrating oil to get on
the vertical surfaces between the wheel and the
drum (or rotor) because penetrating oil in this area
could cause the wheel to work loose as the vehicle
is driven, resulting in loss of control and an injury
accident.
Penetrating oil is not effective in removing tight wheels.
If it is used, however, apply it sparingly and only to the
wheel’s centerhole area.
Installation Procedure
Notice : Before installing the wheels, remove any buildup
of corrosion on the wheel mounting surface and the
brake drum or the rotor mounting surface by scraping
and brushing them with a wire brush. Installing the
wheels without good metal-to-metal contact at the
mounting surfaces can cause the wheel nuts to loosen,
which can later allow a wheel to come off while the vehicle
is moving. Wheel nuts must be tightened in sequence
and to the proper torque to avoid bending the
wheel, the brake drum or the rotor.
- Mount the wheel.
- Install the wheel nuts and tighten the wheel nuts in the sequence shown.
- Lower the vehicle.
Tighten
Tighten the wheel nuts to 140 N•m (103 lb-ft).
On-Vehicle Balancing
On-vehicle balancing will help correct vibrations due to
brake drum, rotor, and wheel cover imbalances.
Notice : Do not allow the front suspension to hang free.
When the drive axle is run at an extreme angle, extra
vibrations can occur, as well as damage to seals and
joints.
- During on-vehicle balancing, do not remove the balance
weights from the off-vehicle dynamic balance.
- If more than 1 ounce of additional weight is required,
split the weight between the inner and the outer rim
flanges.
Caution :
Do not spin the drive wheels faster than
55km/h (35 mph) as indicated by the speedometer.
This limit is necessary because the speedometer indicates
only one-half of the actual wheel speed
when one drive wheel is spinning and the other
drive wheel is stopped. Personal injury and damage
may result from high-speed spinning.
- Spin the driven tire and wheel assemblies using the
engine.
UNIT REPAIR
Aluminum Wheel Porosity
Wheel repairs that use welding, heating or peening are
not approved.
- Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
- Remove the tire and wheel assembly. Refer to "Wheel"
in this section.
Caution : To avoid serious injury, do not stand over
the tire when inflating, because the bead may break
when it snaps over the safety hump. Do not exceed
275 kPa (40 psi) of air pressure in any tire if the
beads are not seated. If 275 kPa (40 psi) of air pressure
will not seat the beads, deflate the tire. Relubricate
the beads. Reinflate the tire. Overinflation may
cause the bead to break and cause serious injury.
- Locate leaking areas by inflating the tire to 345 kPa
(50 psi) and dipping the tire and wheel assembly into
a water bath.
- Mark the leak areas and remove the tire from the
wheel.
- Scuff the inside wheel surface at the leak area with
80-grit sandpaper. Clean the leak area with a general-purpose
cleaner.
- Apply a 3.3 mm (0.13 inch) thick layer of adhesive/
sealant to the leak area. Allow it to dry for 12 hours.
- Install the tire on the wheel. Inflate the tire to 345 kPa
(50 psi) and check for leaks as in step 3.
- Adjust the tire pressure to meet specifications. Refer
to "Tire Size and Pressure Specifications"
in this section.
Install the tire and wheel assembly. Refer to
"Wheel"
in this section.
Lower the vehicle.
Aluminum Wheel Refinishing
A protective clear or color coating is applied to the surface
of the original equipment cast aluminum wheels.
Surface degradation can develop if this clear coating is
damaged or removed. This can happen at some automatic
car wash facilities that use silicone carbide-tipped
tire brushes to clean white walls and tires. Once the protective
coating is damaged, exposure to caustic cleaners
or road salt causes further surface degradation. The
following procedure details how to strip, clean and recoat
aluminum wheels.
Caution : Follow the manufacturer's recommendations
and cautions when using these materials.
Required materials:
Amchem Alumi Prep No. 23, stock No. DX533 or equivalent
cleaning and conditioning chemical for aluminum.
Amchem Alodine No. 101, stock No. DX50T or equivalent
coating chemical for aluminum.
Ditzler Delclear Acrylic Urethane Clear, Stock No.
DAU-75 or equivalent.
Ditzler Delthane Ultra-Urethane Additive, Stock
DXR-80 or equivalent.
Before repairing the aluminum damage or the clear coat
damage, prepare the wheels and the tires.
- Remove the wheel from the vehicle.
- Mark the location of the outboard weights and remove
them.
- Wash the wheel inside and out with a water-based,
all-purpose cleaner. Remove the grease and oil with a
solvent cleaner.
- Mask the tire prior to painting.
- Using a 400-grit wet or dry sandpaper, sand over the
painted areas that will not require recoloring. Sanding
will promote the adhesion of the clear coat.
Aluminum Damage on Wheel Surface
- Mount the wheel on a brake lathe and spin the assembly
slowly.
Sand the wheel with a backing block or pad. Hold the
backing block or pad flat to the surface of the wheel
and sand slowly back and forth from the center to the
outer edge of the tire to remove the damage. Use the
following sandpaper grits in the order listed:
- 80 grit.
- 150 grit.
- 240 grit.
Clear Coat Damage on Unpainted Wheels
- Apply the chemical stripper Amchem Alumi Prep No.
23. Use a small 1/4-inch detail brush to apply the
stripper around the perimeter and spoke-like areas.
- Remove the stripper according to manufacturer’s recommendations.
Caution :
To avoid serious personal injury, do not
use engine power to rotate the wheel while sanding.
- Sand the wheel with 240-grit sandpaper by rotating
the wheel on a slow-spinning brake lathe or by
mounting the wheel on the car and spinning it by
hand. Sanding restores the machined appearance
and promotes adhesion.
After repairing the aluminum or clear coat damage, the
wheels must be recoated.
Recoating Procedure
Caution :
To avoid serious personal injury when applying
any two-part component paint system, follow
the specific precautions provided by the paint
manufacturer. Failure to follow these precautions
may cause lung irritation and an allergic respiratory
reaction.
- Clean the surface.
Soak the wheel with Amchem Alumi Prep No. 33 or
equivalent for 1 to 3 minutes. Rinse the wheel with
water and blow it dry.
Soak the wheel with Amchem Alodine No. 1001 or
equivalent for 1 to 3 minutes. Rinse the wheel with
water and blow it dry.
Finish with Ditzler Delclear Urethane and Ditzler Ultra-
Urethane Additive or equivalent, using three
coats.
-
- 1st coat - spray on a light mist coat; let dry.
- 2nd coat - spray or paint on a light coat; let dry.
- 3rd coat - spray or paint on a heavy double wet coat; let dry.
Let the urethane dry for 24 hours or flash for 30 minutes
and force dry at 60°C (140°F) for 30 minutes.
Allow the urethane to cool for 5 minutes before
mounting the wheel on the vehicle.
Off- Vehicle Balancing
Perform wheel balancing with an electronic off-vehicle
balancer. The balancer is easy to use and gives both a
static and a dynamic balance. Unlike on-vehicle balancing,
the off-vehicle balancer does not correct for drum or
rotor imbalance. This drawback is overcome by its accuracy
(usually to within 1/8 ounce). Secure the wheel on
the balancer with a cone through the back side of the
centerhole, not through the wheel bolt holes.
Correcting Non- Uniform Tires
There are two ways to correct properly balanced tires
which still vibrate. One method uses an automatic machine
which loads the tire and buffs small amounts of
rubber from high spots on the outer two tread rows.
Correction by this method is usually permanent and, if it
is done properly, does not significantly affect the appearance
or the tread life of the tire. Tire truing with a bladetype
machine is not recommended because it
substantially reduces the tread life and often does not
correct the problem permanently.
Another method is to dismount the tire and rotate it
180 degrees on the rim. Do this only on the tire and
wheel assemblies which are known to be causing a
vibration because this method is just as likely to cause
good assemblies to vibrate.
Tire and Wheel Match-Mounting
The tires and wheels are match-mounted at the assembly
plant. Match-mounting aligns the radially stiffest part
of the tire, or high spot, to the smallest radius, or low
spot, of the wheel.
The high spot of the tire is originally marked by a red
paint mark or an adhesive label on the outboard sidewall.
The low spot of the wheel will be at the location of the
valve stem.
Before dismounting a tire from its wheel, scribe a line on
the tire at the valve stem to assure that it is remounted in
the same position.
Replacement tires that are of original equipment quality
will have their high and low spot marked in the same
manner.
Tire Mounting and Dismouting
Notice : Use a tire-changing machine to mount or dismount
the tires. Follow the equipment manufacturer's
instructions. Do not use hand tools or tire irons to
change tires. These tools may damage the beads or the
wheel rim.
- Clean the rim bead seats with a wire brush or coarse
steel wool to remove lubricants, old rubber, and light
rust. Before mounting or dismounting a tire, lubricate
the bead area well with an approved tire lubricant.
Caution :
To avoid serious injury, do not stand over
the tire when inflating it, because the bead may
break when it snaps over the safety hump. Do not
exceed 275 kPa (40 psi) of air pressure in any tire if
the beads are not seated. If 275 kPa (40 psi) of air
pressure will not seat the beads, deflate the tire. Relubricate
the bead and reinflate the tire. Overinflation
may cause the bead to break and cause serious
injury.
- After mounting the tire, inflate it until the beads are
seated. Never exceed 275 kPa (40 psi) to seat the
beads.
- Install the valve core and inflate the tire to the proper
pressure. Make sure the locating ring outside of the
bead of the tire shows around the rim flanges of the
wheel on both sides. This positioning of the tire will
insure that the bead of the tire is seated.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM OPERATION
Tire and Wheel Balancing
There are two types of tire and wheel balancing: static
and dynamic.
Static balance is the equal distribution of weight around
the wheel. Assemblies that are statically unbalanced
cause a bouncing action called wheel tramp. This condition
may eventually cause uneven tire wear.
Dynamic balance is the equal distribution of weight on
each side of the centerline so that when the assembly
spins there is no tendency for it to move from side to
side. Assemblies that are dynamically unbalanced may
cause wheel shimmy.
General Balance Precautions
Remove all deposits of foreign material from the inside
of the wheel.
Caution : Remove stones from the tread in order to
avoid operator injury during spin balancing.
Inspect the tire for any damage. Balance the tire according
to the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations.
Wheel Weights
If more than 85 grams (3.0 ounces) are needed to static
balance the wheel, split the wheel weights as equally as
possible between the inboard and the outboard flanges.
Balancing the assemblies with factory aluminum wheels
requires the use of special nylon-coated, clip-on wheel
weights. These weights are designed to fit over the
thicker rim flange of the aluminum wheel. Install these
weights with a plastic-tipped hammer.
Adhesive wheel weights are also available. Use the following
procedure to install adhesive wheel weights.
Adhesive Wheel Weight Installation
- Clean the wheel by sanding it to bare alloy where the wheel weight will be installed.
- Use a clean cloth or paper towel saturated with a mixture
of half isopropyl alcohol and half water to wipe the place where the wheel weight will be installed.
- Dry the area with hot air. The surface of the wheel should be warm to the touch.
- Warm the adhesive backing on the wheel weights to room temperature.
- Remove the tape from the back of the weights. Do not
touch the adhesive surface.
- Apply the the wheel weight and press it on with hand pressure.
- Secure the wheel weight with a 70-110 N (16-25 lb) force applied with a roller.
Tire Chain Usage
Due to limited tire-to-body clearance on certain vehicles,
recommendations for tire chain use are published in the
Owner's Manual. When tire chains need to be used,
most current Daewoo vehicles require SAE Class "S"
tire chains. These may also be designated as 1100 Series,
type PL tire chains. These chains are specifically
designed to limit the "fly off" effect which occurs when
the wheel rotates.
Be sure that only fine-link chains are used which do not
add more than 15 mm (0.590 inch), including the lock, to
the tread surface and the inner sides of the tires.
Manufacturers of tire chains have a specific chain size
for each tire size to ensure a proper fit when the chain is
installed. Be sure to purchase the correct chains for the
tires on which they are to be used. Use rubber adjusters
to take up any slack or clearance in loose chains.
Use of chains may adversely affect vehicle handling.
When tire chains are installed, follow these precautions:
- Adjust speed to road conditions.
- Avoid sharp turns.
- Avoid locked-wheel braking.
To prevent chain damage to the vehicle, install the
chains on the front tires as tightly as possible. Tighten
them again after driving 0.4 to 0.8 kilometer (0.3 to
0.5 mile). The use of chains on the rear tires is not recommended
because they may contact the vehicle and
possibly damage it. If chains must be used on the rear
tires, be sure there is sufficient clearance between the
chains and the body. Do not exceed 70 km/h (45 mph)
or the chain manufacturer's speed limit, if lower. Avoid
large bumps, potholes, severe turns and any other maneuvers
which could cause the tires to bounce. Follow
any other instructions of the chain manufacturer which
do not disagree with the above instructions.
Replacement Tires
A Tire Performance Criteria (TPC) specification number
is molded in the sidewall near the tire size of all original
equipment tires. This specification number assures that
the tire meets performance standards for traction, endurance,
dimensions, noise, handling and rolling resistance.
Usually a specific TPC number is assigned
each tire size.
Caution :
Do not mix different types of tires on the
same vehicle such as radial, bias and bias-belted
tires except in emergencies, because vehicle handling
may be seriously affected and may result in
loss of control.
Use only replacement tires with the same size, load
range, and construction as the original. The use of any
other tire size or construction type may seriously affect
ride, handling, speedometer/odometer calibration, vehicle
ground clearance, and tire clearance to the body
and the chassis. This does not apply to the spare tire furnished
with the vehicle.
It is recommended that new tires be installed in pairs on
the same axle.
If it is necessary to replace only one tire, pair it with the
tire having the most tread to equalize the braking action.
Although they may appear different in tread design, tires
built by different manufacturers with identical TPC specifications
may be used on the same vehicle.
All Season Tires
Most vehicles are now equipped with steel-belted all
season radial tires as standard equipment. These tires
qualify as snow tires, with a 37 percent higher average
rating for snow traction than the non-all season radial
tires previously used. Other performance areas, such as
wet traction, rolling resistance, tread life, and air retention,
have also been improved. This was done by improvements
in both tread design and tread compounds.
These tires are identified by an "M + S" molded in the tire
sidewall following the size number. The suffix "MS" is
also molded in the sidewall after the TPC specification
number.
The optional handling tires used on some vehicles are
not all season tires. These will not have the "MS" marking
after the tire size or the TPC specification number.
Passenger Metric Sized Tires
All Daewoo vehicles now use Passenger (P) metric
sized tires. P-metric tires are available in two load
ranges: standard load (35 psi maximum) and extra load
(41 psi maximum). Most passenger vehicle tires are
standard load.
Most P-metric tire sizes do not have exact corresponding
alphanumeric tire sizes. For example, a P175/70R13
is not exactly equal in size and load-carrying capacity to
an FR70-13. For this reason, replacement tires should
be of the same TPC specification number as the originals.
If P-metric tires must be replaced with other sizes,
consult a tire dealer. Tire companies can best recommend
the closest match of alphanumeric to P-metric
sizes within their own tire lines.
The metric term for measuring tire inflation pressure is
the kilopascal (kPa). Tire pressure may be printed in
both kPa and psi. One psi equals 6.895 kPa.
Tire LAbel
The tire label is permanently located on the rear face of
the driver’s door and should be referred to for tire information.
It lists the maximum vehicle load, the tire size
(including the spare tire), and the cold inflation pressure
(including the spare tire).
Spare Tire
This vehicle comes equipped with a full-sized spare tire and wheel for AP/LAAM countries. A temporary(T105/70D14) tire is available for European Countries.
Wheels
Wheels must be replaced if they are bent, dented, have
excessive lateral or radial runout, leak air through welds,
have elongated bolt holes, or if the wheel bolts won’t
stay tight or are heavily rusted. Wheels with excessive
runout may cause vehicle vibration. Replacement
wheels must be equivalent to the original equipment
wheels in load capacity, diameter, rim width, offset, and
mounting configuration. A wheel of improper size or type
may affect wheel and bearing life, brake cooling,
speedometer/odometer calibration, vehicle ground
clearance, and tire clearance to the body and the chassis.
The wheel offset is 49 ± 1 mm (1.93 ± 0.04 inches).
Steel wheels may be identified by a two- or three-letter
code stamped into the rim near the valve stem. Aluminum
wheels should have the code, the part number, and
the manufacturer ID cast into the back side.
Inflation of Tires
The pressure recommended for any vehicle line is carefully
calculated to give a satisfactory ride, handling,
tread life, and load-carrying capacity.
Tire pressure should be checked monthly or before any
extended trip. Check the tires when they are cold, after
the vehicle has sat for 3 hours or more or has been driven
less than 1 mile. Set the tire pressure to the specifications
on the tire label located on the rear face of the
driver's door. Tire inflation pressure is also given under
"Tire Size and Pressure
Specifications"
in this section.
Valve caps or extensions should be on the valves to
keep dust and water out.
For sustained driving at speeds up to 140 km/h
(85 mph), inflate the tires to the pressure recommended
on the tire. Sustained driving at speeds faster than
140 km/h (85 mph), even if permitted by law, is not advised
unless the vehicle has special high-speed tires
available from many tire dealers. Tire pressures may increase
as much as 41 kPa (6 psi) when the tires are hot.
Higher than recommended tire pressure can cause:
- Hard ride.
- Tire bruising or damage.
- Rapid tread wear at the center of the tire.
Lower than recommended pressure can cause
- Tire squeal on turns.
- Hard steering.
- Rapid and uneven wear on the edges of the tread.
- Tire rim bruises and rupture.
- Tire cord breakage.
- High tire temperatures.
Unequal tire pressures on same axle can cause
- Uneven braking.
- Steering lead.
- Reduced handling.
- Swerve on acceleration.
- Torque steer.
